CULTURE AND ITS PRACTICES

Culture is really the people's way of life.it is so fun to have people who understands you, speaks your language and associates closely with you. How important it is that people share their intimate concerns, thoughts and feelings without being misunderstood.

Culture is practiced in different forms, due to the difference in ethnicity and language groups.many people do not understand the language of others as a result of the diversity. Linguists have made it their sole aim to learn the languages of tribes, peoples and tongues. By this, they have been able to harmoniously relate with people from different language group. Language is power. Different tribes have their own cultural way of doing things, their beliefs and customs. In many tribes today, people hold dearly to their customs and tradition more than any other social idea. They believed that they will be punished for going against the laws of the land. 

So many tribes have imposed cultural activities in which the people celebrate their success, their progress or the social cultural activities of the land. Festivals are being celebrated in different cultural backgrounds, it is a thing of joy for the people to have their hard works celebrated..like farm produce, the best village warrior or the best midwife.. In many cases, the village leaders judge an offender according to the law of the land, most cases guilty pronounced ones are either buried alive, banished out of the village or beheaded in the midst of the entire villagers.

Having to leave under the laws of the land might some times prove difficult.. their belief covered up other perspective of human idea. They cherish their verdict than that of a wise man.

The culture of a land promotes peace and unity, it brings the people together, helps them get along with each other and promotes love. Festivals are joyous moment for the people .. like the festival of Afan done in the southern part of Kaduna state, held on the 1st of January in the palace of chief kagoro. In this occasion, the villagers carry out many cultural displays in different forms within the townships, its surrounding communities and across middle belt of the country.

Also the Argungu Festival practiced in the north-western state of kebbi, celebrating the fishermen competing in a mission of catching the largest fish, and still other Festivals practiced or held in other states. During this memorable occasions, people from different parts of the world troop in to catch fun.

What a memorable occasion for the villagers to have people from different parts of the world come in to their village to celebrate with them.

It has become indeed a fun adventure for many people, not only the Festivals alone but the natural resources. This natural resources servers as tourists center which has enhanced and improved the well being of the people. It has derived huge amount of income for the village at large and has made the village famous and an awesome place to be. 

It also serves as recreational centers and comfort zone to visitors.. culture is definitely the pride of the rural residents.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY

Every country including Nigeria must do it part in protecting her country.

   The signs is clear, we need to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5°c by the end of the century said the UN secretary general " the calls for urgent action continue as the renounced British naturalist and broadcaster sir David Attenborough issued a sobering warning to leaders.."The heating of our climate has already raise a point that the impact on the porous and most vulnerable people are profound that this is a pilgrim of this crisis. It has last a hundred and fifty years, the world has worn an average by just favour 1°c and our atmosphere now contains concentrations of carbon dioxide that have not pretty hold for millions of years, we are today gazing at the tipping point likewise past this unbearable temperatures piling catastrophically higher. If we continue on our own part, we will face the collapse of every thing that give us the security, food production, access to fresh water, habitable and then temperature and ocean food chains. If the little world can no longer support the most basic of our needs, the rest of the civilization will quickly breakdown. please make no mistake, climate change is the biggest threat to security that noble humans have ever faced.

I don't envy you the responsibility that disperses on all of you and your government, we have left the stable and secured period that gave birth to our civilizations, their is no going back. No matter what we do now, it's too late to avoid climate change and the porous, the most vulnerable is with the least security, allow certain to suffer. Our duty right now is surely to do all we can to help those in the most immediate danger, but of course, we have a pile up duty and it here that I think that our ground now hope but it is true we can never go back to stable, but now climate develop, though flourish for one thousand years. I do believe that if we act fast enough, we can await a new stable state. People today all over the world now realize, this is no longer the issue which will affect future generations. If this people are here today and then particular young people, we will leave with the consequences of our actions, perhaps we learn significant lesson brought by this last twelve months, has been that we are no longer separate nation each they serve by looking after his own needs and security, we are single truly durable species, it's greatest self assured and her security must ultimately come from acting together in the interest of us all. Climate change is a threat to today's security and that can be dealt with by unleashing considerable amount of durable corporation. It may compile us to question our economic growth and where we place value, even entirely, the industries recognize the manual responsibility that wealthy nations have to the rest of the world and put a value on nature. It is far beyond money and global corporation remains, still far more we finally created a stable healthy world where resources are equally shared and where we thrive in balance with the rest of the natural world".

That sounds scary, we do need to be on our toes. Global space seems to raise awareness on the occurrence of the environmental debridation and the need to imbibe sustainable heathy practices for the good of mother earth and it's inhabitants.

Addressing future threats to international peace and security posed by climate change including through sustained and systematic consideration of related conflict risk. Peace building approaches and support for adaptation and resilience on climate vulnerable settings require action by all.

Some participants bear their minds 

•We are potentially leaving in one of the most transformational moments in history, a moment where if we get it right, we can recover from a global health crisis in a way that helps us address our existential to climate change crisis.

•This is extraordinary, how many generation have opportunities like this, we must rise to challenge our rights.

•Taking action is worth an unnecessary discretion for the country. A sustainable economic recovery from the pandemic is part of the solution to climate crisis. It can help us to accelerate the transition to a low curry, resilience economy to go back better and unlock avast investments and job creation opportunities in the ever standing  country, healing our economy faster.

United kingdom prime minister Boris Johnson who cheered the online meeting called for action now as he outlines his country's plan.

Whether you like it or not, it is a matter of when not if your country and your people we have to deal with the security impact of climate change. United kingdom prime minister said urging leaders to show the global leadership necessary to keep the world safe.

WIDE LIFE

Living things :

          Living things are organisms that carry out life processes. They move around and gain territories, some are fierce, while some are friendly. In fact they help the human society. Through them we derive food.

Kinds 

    We have domestic kind, Aquatic and terrestrial organisms. They can be a source of comfort to humans.They add value to life, they protect their owner and fight for there right.They help humans overcome their fears by serving as security to them.

 Fearsome epidemic

       Over the years, vast number of virus and diseases which indeed were reported to be deadly, has taken many lives. The world's record on epidemics reported that there were pandemics that were life threatening to which so many people were affected, for example Spanish flu ... It's said that this virus kills within a minute. Though deadly these epidemics were, not until the deadliest of it occurred which shook the whole world... Called Corona virus(Covid -19) As at the time ebola occurred, it wasn't too contagious nor rampant and now the world is battling with a chronic pandemic. These virus has really put the world in a tight corner, trying to cure and eliminate it for good has become a tough battle.

Many have died of this pandemic, while so many have been infected and now it has deteriorated the economy.

According to a news report, it is said that united State of American is the base of the virus, causing the death of millions.the united State president gave way to tears seeing the situation of life of his subjects.. it really hurts him a lot that he doesn't know what to do. Although vaccines have been produced to curb the spread and still death rate keeps increasing.

Preventive measures

  To protect oneself from contracting the virus, measures have been put in place for everyone to adhere to..

1) Wash your hands regularly with soap and running water.

2) Avoid social gatherings( if at all you get engaged in one, wear your facemask)

3) Social distancing

4) Avoid touching your face, ear or eyes 

Indulge your self in recreational activities, use this time to make up for the times you never had with your family. Have fun and still keep your self updated.

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HARD TIMES AHEAD

INSECURITY 

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CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY AND OTHER EDUCATIVE TOPICS

Global unrest__ due to the high societal unrest, it has become so unsafe for people to carry out their daily activities. Quite a number of crimes has been reported to which has placed the general public in turmoil. 

Kidnapping and other life threatening crimes have become rampant nowadays. It has become a huge business for many who are looking for a fast means of income. Many has fallen victim of this heinous act. So many illegal means have been curved out, enabling the manipulation and deception in several ways, which has caused pain and sober to many innocent souls, such a situation not only cause commotion, it arouse hatred and enmity.

Related crimes 

Cyber crime is one of the ways in which fraudsters use to defraud people of their private and crucial information, by breaking in into their personal affairs___(privacy). Crime as the name implies, according to Merriam Webster dictionary is defined as an illegal act for which some one can be punished by the government. Cyber crime have become every day thing that trick and fraudsters use to get what does not belong to them. So many people who became victim of this committed suicide either by poisoning or by hanging themselves or other ways because they think that nothing is left for them again other than to die.... This act has broken so many homes, divided close friends, brought problem to the society and to innocent individuals.

HEALTHY LIVING 

  Life is interesting when there are no complications. Healthy living is the best key to long life and prosperity. Having a good time is not wrong, having a good health is the best .... Their is no doubt, unexpected events could occur, which will terminate the healthy living of a person. It's said that health is wealth...taking care of the body and health will go a long way in extending ones life. It's often important to know your state of mind and body signs, understanding ones self is important due to the fact that many people have died as a result of their ignorance towards their health complications.

Ways to maintaining a good health 

 Exercise: exercise is often important, it helps to regain body balance and to help blood flow at a normal temperature. It helps keep the body fit, it also helps fight against fatigue and other body flaws. Most times it is challenging to exercise as a result of the time spent, setting out time to exercise is the best. If you exercise, good health is guaranteed. 

Water consumption

      Water they say is life. Imagine, if you are being offered food or water as an alternative to survive, which will you choose?, No doubt, water will be the choice of many... Though food is important but this time water is much more important. Water consumption is also a guarantee for good health.

How well do you drink water?... It's said that drinking six to eight glasses of water each day is very important.

Importance of water 

   Water helps in so many ways;

1) It helps in the digestion of food 

2) It helps the body regain its strength

3) It helps flush off waste out the body. 

Types of water 

a) Tap water 

b) Spring water 

c) Well water

d) Rain water 

      It is confirmed that the neatest water ever is Rain water and the disadvantage of rain water is that it does not form leather with soap. Also called(Hard water) 

Adverse effects

  Water some times can have an adverse effect when consumed.. contaminated water can cause death, disease, and other deadly epidemic.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

Technology has taken over the world, it has become the most important part of the economy and has benefited and helped improve  standard of living.  

It has rapidly changed the economy, yielding a great result in making the life of many easier. it has changed a lot of things that humans can never imagine, it has served as a means of information dispersal and also as a means of transmitting information to a very large crowd. It has helped many individual in so many ways, though their are different category with different function and capability,still it fulfills what it's meant for.

A long time ago, it proved so difficult for one to get in touch or disburse information easily to any one.. unless it was taken to the post office which will go through some processes before getting to the receiver... but now the story has changed for good .. their is advancement in the technology world... We have young inventors who have used their initiative in creating something unimaginable and extraordinarily great. We have scientists who have contributed greatly in the science world.

They have made it their aim to invent and produce some thing that is of great value to every one.Many youths today possess this technological gadgets which has yielded a huge impact on them. The elderly ones has benefited a lot from this gigantic innovation. No doubt, the pandemic has caused a considerable amount of breakdown in the economic system. Now technology has taken place, with it we can get along with any body in different locations.

What a great innovation that is? It has lesson the fears of people because now they can be able to know what's going on  in the society at large (even the universe)

Knowing and understanding your ability gives you the right to exhibit, and if you know your capability then you can beat the reach. Understand your situation and give yourself a tough trial. Skill development is the best in today's world...it doesn't mean anything but once you have it.....you will understand that your knowledge is not a waste. Keep improving your skills and be a part of the science world.

PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRICITY

How To Turn Off The Main Switch

   In these situation one has to be extremely cautious of where to place a hand and always remember that safety should be a priority of one's action. To begin,

    Take out the fuse carriers one by one and exermine them. It is easier to find the blown fuse if the fuse carrier and label match the rooms for which they are responsible.

 The carriers become blackened after the fuse is blown.

There Are Two Types Of Fuses

1) Rewireable fuse 

2) Cartridge fuse or High Breaking Capacity Fuse. 

 Switch Used For Lighting

1) One way switch with two terminals

2) Two way switch with three terminal 3) Intermediate switch with four terminals.         

       •  Single way switch: This is usually of two terminals, it is usually used to control single way sub-circuit, mostly lighting circuit.  

       

 • Two way switch: This is usually of three terminals and is mostly used where circuit can be controlled from two or more different position.

• Intermediate switch: This type consist of four terminals and is normally used for conjunction with two - way switch where a circuit usually lighting point is to be controlled from several position.

• A rotary switch: This type of switch is usually used with heating appliances e.g electric cooker where slow, medium or high switching position may be needed.

• A pull cord type switch: This is mostly used in sleeping rooms or bath rooms where it may be dangerous for the person in contact with water to touch the switch.

  Points Of Note When Undertaking electrical wiring

     The wiring of any building (either private or public) is to be undertaken, some points should be taken into consideration;

a) Type of installation required

b) Number of points required

c) Materials needed for the job.

          Any electrician who undertake the job should be competent and should be able to make a complete lot of the materials needed for the job. e.g cable, p.v.c and flexible cord. Accessories ; this includes switches, lamp holders, ceiling rose, socket outlet and plugs, joint boxes, consumer control unit,  Other materials includes wooden block, nails, clips e.t.c  when all materials required for the installation are completed, the electrician or the wiring contractor should plan the installation.

   Planning should include the laying of cable of reasonable position. Mounting of wooden blocks and the consumer control unit cable should be clipped at equal and correct distance e.g ( 15cm or 6 inches apart). As to afford firmness and good appearance of all cables, installation should be protected against any likely hood of mechanical damage and against sunlight e.g ( T.R cable).

  • Termination: Termination at switch points, joint boxes and ceiling rose should be mechanically strong and electrically firm.

 Electrically continuous( bending cable) should be perfectly made to give nice appearance.

   • Tools: A good electrician should possess a good set of tools for the job, and tools should be correct and also the way he looks after his tools and the condition in which he keeps them is an indication of the quality of job he can produce.

       The Supply Authority Responsibility 

After the completion of the electrical installation of the building, the supply authority responsibility is to supply electrical energy to the installation via the following items ;

•The supply authority main fuses 

• The service cable 

• The supply authority metre panel.

     Note: 

             The supply authority should ascertain that the electrical installation has been undertaken by a competent "Government License Electrical Contractor". The supply authority should see that system of installation is effective.

  Consumer / Installation 

     Wiring and apparatus situated upon the consumer premises are controlled by them.

• Consumer Terminals: This is The point in the consumer Installation of which the incoming supply energy is delivered to that installation.

• Dead: At or about earth potential are disconnected from the life system.

• Distribution Board: The assemble of parts including one or more fuses or circuit breakers arrangement for the distributed electrical energy to the final sub - circuit or to other distribution board. 

• Earthen: Effectively connected to the general mass of the earth.

• Fuses: A device for opening a circuit.

• Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

• Earth Tester: This is used for testing the earth resistance of an area.

• Voltmeter: Used for reading voltage.

   Electrical Measuring Instrument 

• A Voltmeter: This is an instrument used for measuring the potential difference between the points in principle consisting of an arrangement similar to a metre with a high resistance in series Incorporated in the instrument. The scale being callorated in volts, it must be connected in parallel with the rest point to the rest part of the circuit between the points.

•Ammeter: This instrument is used for the measurement if electric current. It is always connected in series with other components of the circuit.

•Watt - Meter: It is a device used to measure electrical power consumed in a circuit. Combination of a volt meter and ammeter with a pointer conforms to a watt meter.

  Quality Of Electricity

The coulombs: (Amp, or Amp HRS). The unity if electric quantity is the coulombs (symbols) one coulombs is the quantity of electricity converted in a second by a current of one ampere (6.3 × 10^18 electron in one second  which is = 6413.4)

   Possession Of Distribution Board 

 Although the main switch will also be connected as well as to the meter position, the location of the distribution board will depend upon the size of the installation for the distribution board to be located centrally to enable all sub - circuit wiring to be kept as soon as possible.

This is mainly an economic method in order to combine the cost of some main cable, feeding the distribution board from the main switch gear against the saving of an additional length if sub-circuit wirings.

 Whatever or no matter the size of an installation, the same rate must be followed when deciding details of main switch gears and the distribution of final  circuit.

 

  To test mate the maximum load of an intended installation, all current consuming loads are in watts. Having known all these we can now calculate the size of the main switch gear and a suitable size of the distribution board.

   Preventive Measures

The Risk Of Shock: A shock arises whenever accidental contact is made between life conductor and exposed metal work. This risk can be guided against either by effective earthing or by putting on a glove.

  

    

  

  

LIFES THREATS

 The anxieties of life can be overwhelming... not everyone can cope with life troubles, the only thing that most people do is to think of their future.

It's really painful to see your self suffering..i guess no one wants to suffer, looking at the well-being of most people they don't have any hope for tomorrow due to the fact that their cravings in life is now a tale to them. Looking at the population of people you may think that one day the universe will explode leaving the rich behind. There are a lot of poor people around the globe seeking for refuge, thinking of how to carry on with life uncertainty.. survival they seek with unsettled minds and heart thinking of tomorrow not today.

Researchers has confirmed that their is a huge number of poor people around the world.considering the number of the rich ___ the rich are now the king of mankind using up the strength of the poor for their own selfish gain. In the ancient times when trade by batter was still on __ many people always got what they wanted without stress,exchanging what they have to get what they need... Though it took time to find someone who have what you need.. but  it worths the effort. it's all a memory for this generation in today's era.

Some times most people wonder why other countries citizens are rich and well to do? Wondering why they came into the world . Some think of a time when they will be happy and satisfied in life.. some times some people pray for them be reborn in a better hemisphere where they can slightly have a hope of survival. 

In Africa, their are large population of people who die due to the hard conditions of life, not being able to provide for their daily needs. The educated ones also are affected by this same course of life as a result of the low rate of income they receive for the job they do.. holding it dear as a means of survival.

This life some times looks divided __ having the rich and the poor .. far from the same class and position,but resides in the same hemisphere.

Imagine the pain the poor ones feel out their.. shedding tears as they keep in expectation of their deliverance.

Feeling dejected causes more pain to the heart making it miserable and tough.. becoming a cause for stumbling.  Seeing the progress of others builds up jealousy and sometimes invigorates the heart to keep pushing.

"Reflect on your strength, plan ahead, maintain the right pace and get to work" 

It is not always easy to get their, always keep your heads up so high and watch your self getting closer little by little, it does require hardwork because your success tell through your hardwork. Always keep your mind positively ahead. 

Success comes to those who really worked for it, but more effort is needed to get the best result.

Mistakes are bound to happen but never let your self be crushed, always feed it with wholesome things.. never underestimate your ability.. maintain your self confidence and see your self getting back on track.